Anti-MDA5-antibody-positive DM is characterised by amyopathic illness with quickly progressive and deadly ILD
Melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5) antibody-positive dermatomyositis (DM) shows distinctive cutaneous and pathologic options. We describe two circumstances of myositis-associated quickly progressive interstitial lung illness (RP-ILD).
The sufferers had been two ladies from Kerala, India. Each sufferers had anti-MDA5 antibody-positive myositis. Each sufferers introduced with RP-ILD with none medical options of myositis and succumbed to their sickness regardless of aggressive medical remedy. Anti-MDA5-antibody-positive DM is characterised by amyopathic illness with quickly progressive and deadly ILD.
Serum alarmin ranges and disease-specific indices in sufferers with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV)
Background/goal: We evaluated the connection between serum alarmin ranges and disease-specific indices in sufferers with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV).
Sufferers and strategies: Sera and information from 79 sufferers had been utilized. For AAV-specific indices, Birmingham vasculitis exercise rating (BVAS), five-factor rating (FFS), and vasculitis harm index (VDI) had been collected and serum ranges of 4 alarmins (hepatoma-derived development issue, excessive mobility group field protein 1, S100A9, and S100A12) had been measured utilizing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Associations between alarmin ranges, AAV-specific indices, and inflammatory laboratory markers had been assessed.
Outcomes: S100A9 ranges had been considerably correlated with C-reactive protein ranges (r=0.316, p=0.005) and S100A12 ranges correlated with VDI (r=0.232, p=0.040), which was constant in a subgroup of sufferers with myeloperoxidase (perinuclear)-ANCA positivity. No different associations had been discovered between alarmin ranges and BVAS, FFS, and VDI.
Conclusion: The serum S100A12 degree was related to organ harm in AAV, particularly in myeloperoxidase (perinuclear)-ANCA-positive sufferers.
Efficient strategies for predicting COVID-19 illness trajectories are urgently wanted. Right here, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and coronavirus antigen microarray (COVAM) evaluation mapped antibody epitopes within the plasma of COVID-19 sufferers (n = 86) experiencing a variety of illness states.
The experiments recognized antibodies to a 21-residue epitope from nucleocapsid (termed Ep9) related to extreme illness, together with admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), requirement for ventilators, or dying.
Importantly, anti-Ep9 antibodies will be detected inside 6 days post-symptom onset and typically inside 1 day. Moreover, anti-Ep9 antibodies correlate with numerous comorbidities and hallmarks of immune hyperactivity.
We introduce a simple-to-calculate, illness threat issue rating to quantitate every affected person’s comorbidities and age. For sufferers with anti-Ep9 antibodies, scores above 3.Zero predict extra extreme illness outcomes with a 13.42 probability ratio (96.7% specificity).
The outcomes lay the groundwork for a brand new kind of COVID-19 prognostic to permit early identification and triage of high-risk sufferers. Such data may information simpler therapeutic intervention.
IMPORTANCE The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in over two million deaths worldwide. Regardless of efforts to struggle the virus, the illness continues to overwhelm hospitals with severely unwell sufferers.
Prognosis of COVID-19 is instantly completed by way of a mess of dependable testing platforms; nonetheless, prognostic prediction stays elusive. To this finish, we recognized a brief epitope from the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein and likewise a illness threat issue rating primarily based upon comorbidities and age. The presence of antibodies particularly binding to this epitope plus a rating cutoff can predict extreme COVID-19 outcomes with 96.7% specificity.
Description: IGF-BPs control the distribution, function and activity of IGFs in various cell tissues and body fluids. IGF-BP4 is the major IGF-BP produced by osteoblasts, and is also found in the epidermis, ovarian follicles, and other tissues. IGF-BP4 inhibits the activity of IGF-I and IGF-II by binding in a manner that results in the formation of complexes with reduced ability to signal through cell surface IGF receptors. IGF-BP4 can inhibit the growth of chick pelvis cartilage and HT29 colon adenocarcinoma cells by blocking the mitogenic actions of IGFs, and has also been shown to reduce colony formation by colorectal cancer cells via an IGF independent pathway. The biological effects of IGF-BP4 can be regulated by Pregnancy Associated Plasma Protein A (PAPP-A), which reduces IGF-BP4/IGF binding affinity by proteolytically cleaving IGF-BP4. The modulation of IGF-BP4 activity by PAPP-A is an important component in the regulation of ovarian folliculogenesis and in the growth inhibition of responding ovarian cancer cells. Recombinant human IGF-BP4 is a 26.1 kDa protein consisting of 238 amino acid residues including the IGF-BP domain and thyroglobulin type-I domain.
Description: IGF-BPs control the distribution, function and activity of IGFs in various cell tissues and body fluids. IGF-BP4 is the major IGF-BP produced by osteoblasts, and is also found in the epidermis, ovarian follicles, and other tissues. IGF-BP4 inhibits the activity of IGF-I and IGF-II by binding in a manner that results in the formation of complexes with reduced ability to signal through cell surface IGF receptors. IGF-BP4 can inhibit the growth of chick pelvis cartilage and HT29 colon adenocarcinoma cells by blocking the mitogenic actions of IGFs, and has also been shown to reduce colony formation by colorectal cancer cells via an IGF independent pathway. The biological effects of IGF-BP4 can be regulated by Pregnancy Associated Plasma Protein A (PAPP-A), which reduces IGF-BP4/IGF binding affinity by proteolytically cleaving IGF-BP4. The modulation of IGF-BP4 activity by PAPP-A is an important component in the regulation of ovarian folliculogenesis and in the growth inhibition of responding ovarian cancer cells. Recombinant human IGF-BP4 is a 26.1 kDa protein consisting of 238 amino acid residues including the IGF-BP domain and thyroglobulin type-I domain.
Description: IGF-BPs control the distribution, function and activity of IGFs in various cell tissues and body fluids. IGF-BP4 is the major IGF-BP produced by osteoblasts, and is also found in the epidermis, ovarian follicles, and other tissues. IGF-BP4 inhibits the activity of IGF-I and IGF-II by binding in a manner that results in the formation of complexes with reduced ability to signal through cell surface IGF receptors. IGF-BP4 can inhibit the growth of chick pelvis cartilage and HT29 colon adenocarcinoma cells by blocking the mitogenic actions of IGFs, and has also been shown to reduce colony formation by colorectal cancer cells via an IGF independent pathway. The biological effects of IGF-BP4 can be regulated by Pregnancy Associated Plasma Protein A (PAPP-A), which reduces IGF-BP4/IGF binding affinity by proteolytically cleaving IGF-BP4. The modulation of IGF-BP4 activity by PAPP-A is an important component in the regulation of ovarian folliculogenesis and in the growth inhibition of responding ovarian cancer cells. Recombinant human IGF-BP4 is a 25.8 kDa protein consisting of 237 amino acid residues including the IGF-BP domain and thyroglobulin type-I domain.
*Manufactured using (BTI-Tn-5B1-4) cells under license from the Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Inc.
Description: IGF-BPs control the distribution, function and activity of IGFs in various cell tissues and body fluids. IGF-BP4 is the major IGF-BP produced by osteoblasts, and is also found in the epidermis, ovarian follicles, and other tissues. IGF-BP4 inhibits the activity of IGF-I and IGF-II by binding in a manner that results in the formation of complexes with reduced ability to signal through cell surface IGF receptors. IGF-BP4 can inhibit the growth of chick pelvis cartilage and HT29 colon adenocarcinoma cells by blocking the mitogenic actions of IGFs, and has also been shown to reduce colony formation by colorectal cancer cells via an IGF independent pathway. The biological effects of IGF-BP4 can be regulated by Pregnancy Associated Plasma Protein A (PAPP-A), which reduces IGF-BP4/IGF binding affinity by proteolytically cleaving IGF-BP4. The modulation of IGF-BP4 activity by PAPP-A is an important component in the regulation of ovarian folliculogenesis and in the growth inhibition of responding ovarian cancer cells. Recombinant human IGF-BP4 is a 25.8 kDa protein consisting of 237 amino acid residues including the IGF-BP domain and thyroglobulin type-I domain.
Description: IGF-BPs control the distribution, function and activity of IGFs in various cell tissues and body fluids. IGF-BP4 is the major IGF-BP produced by osteoblasts, and is also found in the epidermis, ovarian follicles, and other tissues. IGF-BP4 inhibits the activity of IGF-I and IGF-II by binding in a manner that results in the formation of complexes with reduced ability to signal through cell surface IGF receptors. IGF-BP4 can inhibit the growth of chick pelvis cartilage and HT29 colon adenocarcinoma cells by blocking the mitogenic actions of IGFs, and has also been shown to reduce colony formation by colorectal cancer cells via an IGF independent pathway. The biological effects of IGF-BP4 can be regulated by Pregnancy Associated Plasma Protein A (PAPP-A), which reduces IGF-BP4/IGF binding affinity by proteolytically cleaving IGF-BP4. The modulation of IGF-BP4 activity by PAPP-A is an important component in the regulation of ovarian folliculogenesis and in the growth inhibition of responding ovarian cancer cells. Recombinant human IGF-BP4 is a 25.8 kDa protein consisting of 237 amino acid residues including the IGF-BP domain and thyroglobulin type-I domain.
Description: The superfamily of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding proteins include the six high-affinity IGF binding proteins (IGFBP) and several low-affinity binding proteins referred to as IGFBP related proteins (IGFBP-rP). All IGFBP superfamily members are cysteine-rich proteins with conserved cysteine residues, which are clustered in the amino- and carboxy-terminal thirds of the molecule. IGFBPs modulate the biological activities of IGF proteins. Some IGFBPs may also have intrinsic bioactivity that is independent of their ability to bind IGF proteins. Post-translational modifications of IGFBP, including glycosylation, phosphorylation and proteolysis, have been shown to modify the affinities of the binding proteins to IGF.
Description: The superfamily of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding proteins include the six high-affinity IGF binding proteins (IGFBP) and several low-affinity binding proteins referred to as IGFBP related proteins (IGFBP-rP). All IGFBP superfamily members are cysteine-rich proteins with conserved cysteine residues, which are clustered in the amino- and carboxy-terminal thirds of the molecule. IGFBPs modulate the biological activities of IGF proteins. Some IGFBPs may also have intrinsic bioactivity that is independent of their ability to bind IGF proteins. Post-translational modifications of IGFBP, including glycosylation, phosphorylation and proteolysis, have been shown to modify the affinities of the binding proteins to IGF.
Description: The superfamily of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding proteins include the six high-affinity IGF binding proteins (IGFBP) and several low-affinity binding proteins referred to as IGFBP related proteins (IGFBP-rP). All IGFBP superfamily members are cysteine-rich proteins with conserved cysteine residues, which are clustered in the amino- and carboxy-terminal thirds of the molecule. IGFBPs modulate the biological activities of IGF proteins. Some IGFBPs may also have intrinsic bioactivity that is independent of their ability to bind IGF proteins. Post-translational modifications of IGFBP, including glycosylation, phosphorylation and proteolysis, have been shown to modify the affinities of the binding proteins to IGF.
Description: The superfamily of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding proteins include the six high-affinity IGF binding proteins (IGFBP) and several low-affinity binding proteins referred to as IGFBP related proteins (IGFBP-rP). All IGFBP superfamily members are cysteine-rich proteins with conserved cysteine residues, which are clustered in the amino- and carboxy-terminal thirds of the molecule. IGFBPs modulate the biological activities of IGF proteins. Some IGFBPs may also have intrinsic bioactivity that is independent of their ability to bind IGF proteins. Post-translational modifications of IGFBP, including glycosylation, phosphorylation and proteolysis, have been shown to modify the affinities of the binding proteins to IGF.
Description: The superfamily of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding proteins include the six high-affinity IGF binding proteins (IGFBP) and several low-affinity binding proteins referred to as IGFBP related proteins (IGFBP-rP). All IGFBP superfamily members are cysteine-rich proteins with conserved cysteine residues, which are clustered in the amino- and carboxy-terminal thirds of the molecule. IGFBPs modulate the biological activities of IGF proteins. Some IGFBPs may also have intrinsic bioactivity that is independent of their ability to bind IGF proteins. Post-translational modifications of IGFBP, including glycosylation, phosphorylation and proteolysis, have been shown to modify the affinities of the binding proteins to IGF.
Description: The superfamily of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding proteins include the six high-affinity IGF binding proteins (IGFBP) and several low-affinity binding proteins referred to as IGFBP related proteins (IGFBP-rP). All IGFBP superfamily members are cysteine-rich proteins with conserved cysteine residues, which are clustered in the amino- and carboxy-terminal thirds of the molecule. IGFBPs modulate the biological activities of IGF proteins. Some IGFBPs may also have intrinsic bioactivity that is independent of their ability to bind IGF proteins. Post-translational modifications of IGFBP, including glycosylation, phosphorylation and proteolysis, have been shown to modify the affinities of the binding proteins to IGF.
Description: The superfamily of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding proteins include the six high-affinity IGF binding proteins (IGFBP) and several low-affinity binding proteins referred to as IGFBP related proteins (IGFBP-rP). All IGFBP superfamily members are cysteine-rich proteins with conserved cysteine residues, which are clustered in the amino- and carboxy-terminal thirds of the molecule. IGFBPs modulate the biological activities of IGF proteins. Some IGFBPs may also have intrinsic bioactivity that is independent of their ability to bind IGF proteins. Post-translational modifications of IGFBP, including glycosylation, phosphorylation and proteolysis, have been shown to modify the affinities of the binding proteins to IGF.
Description: The superfamily of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding proteins include the six high-affinity IGF binding proteins (IGFBP) and several low-affinity binding proteins referred to as IGFBP related proteins (IGFBP-rP). All IGFBP superfamily members are cysteine-rich proteins with conserved cysteine residues, which are clustered in the amino- and carboxy-terminal thirds of the molecule. IGFBPs modulate the biological activities of IGF proteins. Some IGFBPs may also have intrinsic bioactivity that is independent of their ability to bind IGF proteins. Post-translational modifications of IGFBP, including glycosylation, phosphorylation and proteolysis, have been shown to modify the affinities of the binding proteins to IGF.
Description: The superfamily of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding proteins include the six high-affinity IGF binding proteins (IGFBP) and several low-affinity binding proteins referred to as IGFBP related proteins (IGFBP-rP). All IGFBP superfamily members are cysteine-rich proteins with conserved cysteine residues, which are clustered in the amino- and carboxy-terminal thirds of the molecule. IGFBPs modulate the biological activities of IGF proteins. Some IGFBPs may also have intrinsic bioactivity that is independent of their ability to bind IGF proteins. Post-translational modifications of IGFBP, including glycosylation, phosphorylation and proteolysis, have been shown to modify the affinities of the binding proteins to IGF.
Description: Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I (also known as somatomedin C and somatomedin A) and IGF-II (multiplication stimulating activity or MSA) belong to the family of insulin-like growth factors that are structurally homologous to proinsulin. Mature IGF-I and IGF-II share approximately 70% sequence identity. Both IGF-I and IGF-II are expressed in many tissues and cell types and may have autocrine, paracrine and endocrine functions. Mature IGF-I and IGF-II are highly conserved between the human, bovine and porcine proteins (100% identity), and exhibit cross-species activity.
Description: Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I (also known as somatomedin C and somatomedin A) and IGF-II (multiplication stimulating activity or MSA) belong to the family of insulin-like growth factors that are structurally homologous to proinsulin. Mature IGF-I and IGF-II share approximately 70% sequence identity. Both IGF-I and IGF-II are expressed in many tissues and cell types and may have autocrine, paracrine and endocrine functions. Mature IGF-I and IGF-II are highly conserved between the human, bovine and porcine proteins (100% identity), and exhibit cross-species activity.
Description: Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I (also known as somatomedin C and somatomedin A) and IGF-II (multiplication stimulating activity or MSA) belong to the family of insulin-like growth factors that are structurally homologous to proinsulin. Mature IGF-I and IGF-II share approximately 70% sequence identity. Both IGF-I and IGF-II are expressed in many tissues and cell types and may have autocrine, paracrine and endocrine functions. Mature IGF-I and IGF-II are highly conserved between the human, bovine and porcine proteins (100% identity), and exhibit cross-species activity.
Description: Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I (also known as somatomedin C and somatomedin A) and IGF-II (multiplication stimulating activity or MSA) belong to the family of insulin-like growth factors that are structurally homologous to proinsulin. Mature IGF-I and IGF-II share approximately 70% sequence identity. Both IGF-I and IGF-II are expressed in many tissues and cell types and may have autocrine, paracrine and endocrine functions. Mature IGF-I and IGF-II are highly conserved between the human, bovine and porcine proteins (100% identity), and exhibit cross-species activity.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IGF-1 from Human | Mouse. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with human synthetic peptide from the mid-protein of Human IGF-1. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ICC/IF, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000); ICC/IF (1:100); IHC (1:50). This IGF-1 antibody is conjugated to ATTO 565.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IGF-1 from Human | Mouse. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with human synthetic peptide from the mid-protein of Human IGF-1. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ICC/IF, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000); ICC/IF (1:100); IHC (1:50). This IGF-1 antibody is conjugated to ATTO 633.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IGF-1 from Human | Mouse. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with human synthetic peptide from the mid-protein of Human IGF-1. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ICC/IF, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000); ICC/IF (1:100); IHC (1:50). This IGF-1 antibody is conjugated to ATTO 655.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IGF-1 from Human | Mouse. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with human synthetic peptide from the mid-protein of Human IGF-1. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ICC/IF, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000); ICC/IF (1:100); IHC (1:50). This IGF-1 antibody is conjugated to ATTO 680.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IGF-1 from Human | Mouse. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with human synthetic peptide from the mid-protein of Human IGF-1. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ICC/IF, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000); ICC/IF (1:100); IHC (1:50). This IGF-1 antibody is conjugated to ATTO 700.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IGF-1 from Human | Mouse. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with human synthetic peptide from the mid-protein of Human IGF-1. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ICC/IF, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000); ICC/IF (1:100); IHC (1:50). This IGF-1 antibody is conjugated to APC/Cy7.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IGF-1 from Human | Mouse. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with human synthetic peptide from the mid-protein of Human IGF-1. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ICC/IF, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000); ICC/IF (1:100); IHC (1:50). This IGF-1 antibody is conjugated to Dylight 350.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IGF-1 from Human | Mouse. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with human synthetic peptide from the mid-protein of Human IGF-1. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ICC/IF, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000); ICC/IF (1:100); IHC (1:50). This IGF-1 antibody is conjugated to Dylight 405.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IGF-1 from Human | Mouse. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with human synthetic peptide from the mid-protein of Human IGF-1. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ICC/IF, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000); ICC/IF (1:100); IHC (1:50). This IGF-1 antibody is conjugated to Dylight 488.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IGF-1 from Human | Mouse. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with human synthetic peptide from the mid-protein of Human IGF-1. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ICC/IF, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000); ICC/IF (1:100); IHC (1:50). This IGF-1 antibody is conjugated to Dylight 594.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IGF-1 from Human | Mouse. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with human synthetic peptide from the mid-protein of Human IGF-1. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ICC/IF, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000); ICC/IF (1:100); IHC (1:50). This IGF-1 antibody is conjugated to Dylight 633.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IGF-1 from Human | Mouse. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with human synthetic peptide from the mid-protein of Human IGF-1. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ICC/IF, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000); ICC/IF (1:100); IHC (1:50). This IGF-1 antibody is conjugated to PE/ATTO 594.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IGF-1 from Human | Mouse. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with human synthetic peptide from the mid-protein of Human IGF-1. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ICC/IF, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000); ICC/IF (1:100); IHC (1:50). This IGF-1 antibody is conjugated to Streptavidin.
Insulin-Like Growth Factor II, Recombinant, Human (Human IGF-II, IGF-II, IGFII, IGFII, IGF2, IGF-2, IGF 2)
Description: Recombinant Human Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte Protein 4 is produced by our Mammalian expression system and the target gene encoding Lys36-Asp161 is expressed with a Flag tag at the C-terminus.
Amount and High quality of tetanus antigen current in these merchandise is of utmost significance for product security and medical impact
Batch launch testing for human and veterinary tetanus vaccines nonetheless depends closely on strategies that contain animals, significantly for efficiency testing. The amount and high quality of tetanus antigen current in these merchandise is of utmost significance for product security and medical impact. Immunochemical strategies that measure consistency of antigen content material and high quality, doubtlessly as an indicator of efficiency, might be a better option and negate the necessity for an in vivo efficiency take a look at.
These immunochemical strategies require no less than one properly characterised monoclonal antibody (mAb) that’s particular for the goal antigen. On this paper we report the outcomes of the excellent characterisation of a panel of mAbs in opposition to tetanus with a view to pick out antibodies that can be utilized for improvement of an in vitro efficiency immunoassay.
Now we have assessed binding of the antibodies to native antigen (toxin), detoxified antigen (toxoid), adsorbed antigen and heat-altered antigen. Antibody operate was decided utilizing an in-house cell-based neutralisation assay to help prior in vivo efficiency information that was out there for some, however not all, of the antibodies.
As well as, antibody affinity was measured, and epitope competitors evaluation was carried out to establish pairs of antibodies that might be deployed in a sandwich immunoassay format. Not all characterisation checks offered proof of “superiority” of 1 mAb over one other, however collectively the outcomes from all characterisation research allowed for choice of an antibody pair to be taken ahead to assay improvement.
retrospectively analyzed the medical information of three anti-GAD65 antibody-positive sufferers to discover the variety and medical options of anti-GAD65 antibody-associated
Background: Antibodies in opposition to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) are related to numerous neurologic circumstances described in sufferers, together with stiff individual syndrome, cerebellar ataxia, refractory epilepsy, and limbic and extralimbic encephalitis.
There have been some case reviews and investigations relating to anti-GAD65 antibody-associated encephalitis in grownup populations, however pediatric circumstances are uncommon. We retrospectively analyzed the medical information of three anti-GAD65 antibody-positive sufferers to discover the variety and medical options of anti-GAD65 antibody-associated pediatric autoimmune encephalitis.
Strategies: The medical information of a sequence of three sufferers optimistic for anti-GAD65 antibody had been retrospectively analyzed. GAD65 antibodies had been decided in serum and CSF utilizing a cell-based assay.
Outcomes: All three sufferers had been feminine, and the onset ages had been four years and 9 months, 6 years, and 16 years outdated. Their medical phenotypes included autoimmune limbic encephalitis, extralimbic encephalitis, and encephalitis combining limbic and extralimbic encephalitis. The medical signs included seizures, reminiscence deficits, drowsiness, dysautonomia, and headache. All sufferers had irregular carinal MRI and EEG.
All sufferers acquired immunotherapy and had transiently good responsiveness, however one affected person then skilled relapse. In follow-up, one affected person with extralimbic encephalitis recovered fully, whereas two sufferers with limbic involvement had poor outcomes with refractory focal epilepsy.
Conclusion: Along with limbic encephalitis, extralimbic encephalitis can be an necessary phenotype in sufferers who’re optimistic for anti-GAD65 antibodies. Early analysis and immunotherapy can enhance the signs. Nonetheless, sufferers with limbic encephalitis typically have refractory epilepsy within the continual part and have a poor long-term end result.
Description: NAP-2 or CXCL7 is a CXC chemokine that can signal through the CXCR1 and CXCR2 receptors. It is produced in leukocytes by enzymatic processing of a precursor called platelet basic protein (PBP). NAP-2 chemoattracts and activates neutrophils. Recombinant human NAP-2 protein is a 7.6 kDa protein containing 70 amino acid residues including the four highly conserved cysteine residues present in CXC chemokines, and also including the ELR motif common to CXC chemokines that bind to CXCR1 and CXCR2.
Description: NAP-2 is a CXC chemokine that can signal through the CXCR1 and CXCR2 receptors. It is produced in leukocytes by enzymatic processing of a precursor called platelet basic protein (PBP). NAP-2 chemoattracts and activates neutrophils. Recombinant human NAP-2 protein is a 7-8 kDa protein containing 70 amino acid residues including the four highly conserved cysteine residues present in CXC chemokines, and also including the ELR motif common to CXC chemokines that bind to CXCR1 and CXCR2.
Description: Neutrophil Activating Peptide 2 (NAP2), Connective Tissue Activating Protein III (CTAPIII) and βthrombogulin ( βTG), are proteolytically processed carboxylterminal fragments of platelet basic protein (PBP) which is found in the alphagranules of human platelets. NAP2 is a member of the CXC chemokines. Similar to other ELR domain containing CXC chemokines such as IL8 and the GRO proteins, NAP2 has been shown to bind CXCR2 and to chemoattract and activate neutrophils. Although CTAPIII, βTG and PBP represent aminoterminal extended variants of NAP 2 and possess the same CXC chemokine domains, these proteins do not exhibit NAP2 activity. It has been shown that the additional aminoterminal residues of CTAP III masks the critical ELR receptor binding domain that is exposed on NAP2 and may account for lack of NAP2 activity.
Description: NAP-2 is a CXC chemokine that can signal through the CXCR1 and CXCR2 receptors. It is produced in leukocytes by enzymatic processing of a precursor called platelet basic protein (PBP). NAP-2 chemoattracts and activates neutrophils. Recombinant human NAP-2 protein is a 7-8 kDa protein containing 70 amino acid residues including the four highly conserved cysteine residues present in CXC chemokines, and also including the ELR motif common to CXC chemokines that bind to CXCR1 and CXCR2.
Mouse Pro-Platelet Basic Protein (CXCL7) ELISA Kit
Description: A sandwich ELISA kit for quantitative measurement of Mouse ?TG/PBP/CXCL7/NAP2 (Thromboglobulin, Beta) in samples from Serum, Plasma, Cell supernatant
Description: Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 7 (CXCL7), also known as NAP-2 or Pro-Platelet basic protein (PPBP), is a human gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a platelet-derived growth factor that belongs to the CXC chemokine family. This growth factor is a potent chemoattractant and activator of neutrophils. It has been shown to stimulate various cellular processes including DNA synthesis, mitosis, glycolysis, intracellular cAMP accumulation, prostaglandin E2 secretion, and synthesis of hyaluronic acid and sulfated glycosaminoglycan. It also stimulates the formation and secretion of plasminogen activator by synovial cells. Furthermore, the protein is an antimicrobial protein with bactericidal and antifungal activity.
Description: Recombinant NAP-2 is a disulfide-linked monomeric protein consisting of 71 amino acid residues and migrates as an approximately 8 kDa protein under non-reducing conditions and reducing conditions in SDS-PAGE. Optimized DNA sequence encoding Human NAP-2 (CXCL7) mature chain was expressed in E. coli.
Description: Recombinant NAP-2 is a disulfide-linked monomeric protein consisting of 71 amino acid residues and migrates as an approximately 8 kDa protein under non-reducing conditions and reducing conditions in SDS-PAGE. Optimized DNA sequence encoding Human NAP-2 (CXCL7) mature chain was expressed in E. coli.
